TURKMENISTAN : FACTBOOK
 
  • Country name : Turkmenistan
     
  • Capital : Ashgabat
     
  • Location : Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan.
     
  • Area : 488,100 sq km., slightly larger than California.
     
  • Climate : subtropical desert.
     
  • Terrain : flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west.
     
  • Geography : landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau.
     
  • Population : 4,775,544 (July 2003 est.).
     
  • Ethnic groups : Turkmen 77%, Uzbek 9.2%, Russian 6.7%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.1% (1995).
     
  • Languages : Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek, other 7%
     
  • Religions : Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%.
     
  • Government type : republic.
     
  • Administrative divisions : 5 provinces
     
  • Currency : Turkmen manat (TMM)
     
  • GDP : $31.34 billion (2002 est.)
     
  • GDP - per capita : $6,700 (2002 est.)
     
  • Industries : natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing.
     
  • Exports : $2.97 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
     
  • Exports - commodities : gas 57%, oil 26%, cotton fiber 3%, textiles 2% (2001).
     
  • Exports - partners : Ukraine 49.7%, Italy 18%, Iran 13.1%, Turkey 6.2% (2002).
     
  • Imports : $2.25 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.).
     
  • Imports - commodities : machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999).
     
  • Imports - partners : Russia 19.8%, Turkey 12.8%, Ukraine 11.7%, UAE 10%, US 7.5%, China 6%, Germany 5.7%, Iran 4.4% (2002).
     
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